Đảo ngữ là một trong những kiến thức ở mức nâng cao trong tiếng Anh. Không chỉ có nhiều dạng khi chia theo các thì trong tiếng Anh, ngữ pháp này còn có nhiều biến thể. Để thành thạo đảo ngữ trong câu, bạn hãy cùng ILA thực hành một số bài tập đảo ngữ dưới đây nhé.
Đảo ngữ là gì?
Ngữ pháp đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh (Inversion) là một cấu trúc ngữ pháp đặc biệt, trong đó trật tự thông thường của các thành phần trong câu bị thay đổi để nhấn mạnh một ý hoặc một thành phần nào đó. Thông thường trạng từ và trợ động từ được đảo lên trước chủ ngữ để tạo thành câu đảo ngữ.
Câu đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh thường tuân theo công thức chung sau:
| Trạng từ / Cụm từ đặc biệt + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ chính. |
Trong đó:
• Trạng từ / Cụm từ đặc biệt: Các từ như Never, Hardly, No sooner, Little, Not only, Only after…
• Trợ động từ: Do, does (hiện tại đơn), did (quá khứ đơn); have, has, had (thì hoàn thành); will, would, should, could…
• Chủ ngữ: Đối tượng thực hiện hành động.
• Động từ chính giữ nguyên dạng nguyên mẫu nếu có trợ động từ.
>>> Tìm hiểu thêm: Cấu trúc đảo ngữ (inversion) và bài tập áp dụng
Các loại câu đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh
ILA tổng hợp một số loại câu đảo ngữ phổ biến nhất thường gặp trong các bài tập đảo ngữ trong bảng dưới đây:
| Tên loại đảo ngữ | Cấu trúc | Ví dụ kèm dịch nghĩa |
| Trạng từ phủ định | Never/Hardly/No sooner + trợ động từ + S + V | • Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset. (Tôi chưa bao giờ thấy hoàng hôn đẹp như vậy.) |
| Câu điều kiện loại 1 | Should + S + V, S + will/can/may + V | • Should you need any help, just call me. (Nếu bạn cần giúp đỡ, hãy gọi tôi.) |
| Câu điều kiện loại 2 | Were + S + to V/adj/noun, S + would/could + V | • Were I you, I would accept the offer. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ nhận lời đề nghị đó.) |
| Câu điều kiện loại 3 | Had + S + V3/V-ed, S + would/could + have + V3/V-ed | • Had I known about the party, I would have gone. (Nếu tôi biết về bữa tiệc, tôi đã đi rồi.) |
| Only + trạng từ | Only after/when + trợ động từ + S + V | • Only after she had left did he realize his mistake. (Chỉ sau khi cô ấy rời đi, anh ta mới nhận ra lỗi lầm của mình.) |
| So/Such để nhấn mạnh | So adj + trợ động từ + S + V / Such be + N + that + S + V | • So difficult was the test that most students failed. (Bài kiểm tra khó đến mức hầu hết học sinh đều trượt.) |
| Not only … but also | Not only + trợ động từ + S + V, but also… | • Not only does he play the guitar, but he also sings beautifully. (Anh ấy không chỉ chơi guitar mà còn hát rất hay.) |
| Here/There/Now/Then | Here/There + V + S | • Here comes the train! (Tàu đến rồi kìa!) |
Bài tập đảo ngữ (inversions) có đáp án chi tiết
Cùng luyện tập với một số bài tập đảo ngữ từ cơ bản đến nâng cao dưới đây:
1. Bài tập đảo ngữ câu điều kiện
Bài 1: Viết lại câu sử dụng đảo ngữ câu điều kiện
1. If I had known about the meeting, I would have attended.
2. If she were rich, she would travel around the world.
3. If you should need any assistance, please let me know.
4. If he had left earlier, he wouldn’t have missed the bus.
5. If they practiced more, they would win the competition.
6. If you were in my position, what would you do?
7. If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.
8. If I were you, I wouldn’t trust him.
9. If she had seen the accident, she would have called the police.
10. If the weather were better, we could go for a walk.
Đáp án
1. Had I known about the meeting, I would have attended.
2. Were she rich, she would travel around the world.
3. Should you need any assistance, please let me know.
4. Had he left earlier, he wouldn’t have missed the bus.
5. Were they to practice more, they would win the competition.
6. Were you in my position, what would you do?
7. Had he studied harder, he would have passed the exam.
8. Were I you, I wouldn’t trust him.
9. Had she seen the accident, she would have called the police.
10. Were the weather better, we could go for a walk.
Bài 2: Hoàn thành câu với các bài tập đảo ngữ
1. _______ I known about the job opportunity, I would have applied.
2. _______ he in my place, he would understand the situation better.
3. _______ they trained harder, they could have won the match.
4. _______ you need any help, do not hesitate to ask.
5. _______ we taken a different route, we would have arrived earlier.
6. _______ she to become a singer, she would be very famous.
7. _______ you been more careful, you wouldn’t have made that mistake.
8. _______ he not been sick, he would have joined us on the trip.
9. _______ they offered me the job, I would accept immediately.
10. _______ she called me earlier, I could have helped her.
Đáp án
| 1. Had | 2. Were | 3. Had | 4. Should | 5. Had |
| 6. Were | 7. Had | 8. Had | 9. Were | 10. Had |
2. Bài tập đảo ngữ trắc nghiệm
Bài tập đảo ngữ 1: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thiện câu
1. Never _____________ such a breathtaking view.
A. I have seen C. I saw
B. have I seen D. I had seen
2. Hardly _____________ the train station when the train departed.
A. had I reached C. have I reached
B. I had reached D. I reached
3. Should you need assistance, _____________.
A. let me know C. let me knowing
B. you let me know D. you should let me knowing
4. No sooner _____________ the door than it started to rain.
A. I opened C. I had opened
B. had I opened D. have I opened
5. Not only _____________ a great teacher, but she is also an amazing mentor.
A. is she C. does she
B. she is D. she does
6. Only when the test was over _____________ relaxed.
A. the students did feel C. did feel the students
B. did the students feel D. the students felt
7. Were I _____________, I would buy that house.
A. rich C. to be rich
B. be rich D. being rich
8. Had he studied harder, he _____________ the exam.
A. would pass C. would have passed
B. had passed D. will pass
9. Little _____________ about the upcoming surprise.
A. does she know C. did she knew
B. she knows D. she did know
10. So difficult _____________ that few students could complete it.
A. the test was C. the test is
B. was the test D. is the test
Đáp án
| 1. B | 2. A | 3. A | 4. B | 5. A |
| 6. B | 7. A | 8. C | 9. A | 10. B |
Bài tập đảo ngữ 2: Chọn câu viết lại đúng
1. If I had known earlier, I would have helped.
A. If had I known earlier, I would have helped.
B. Had I known earlier, I would have helped.
C. Had known I earlier, I would have helped
D. If I have known earlier, I would have helped.
2. If she were here, she would explain it.
A. If were she here, she would explain it.
B. Were here she, she would explain it.
C. Were she here, she would explain it.
D. If she were to here, she would explain it.
3. If you need assistance, call me.
A. Should you need assistance, call me.
B. If should you need assistance, call me.
C. Should need you assistance, call me.
D. If you should need assistance, call me.
4. He didn’t realize the mistake until later.
A. Only later he realized the mistake.
B. Only did he later realize the mistake.
C. Later only did he realize the mistake.
D. Only later did he realize the mistake.
5. She hardly ever arrives on time.
A. Hardly does she ever arrive on time.
B. Hardly ever she arrives on time.
C. Hardly she does ever arrive on time.
D. She does hardly ever arrive on time.
6. Bài tập đảo ngữ: If he had worked harder, he would have succeeded.
A. If had he worked harder, he would have succeeded.
B. Had he worked harder, he would have succeeded.
C. Had worked he harder, he would have succeeded.
D. If he had work harder, he would have succeeded.
7. No one knew the answer.
A. Little did they know the answer.
B. Little they did know the answer.
C. They little did know the answer.
D. Did they little know the answer.
8. The weather was so bad that we couldn’t go outside.
A. So was bad the weather that we couldn’t go outside.
B. So the weather was bad that we couldn’t go outside.
C. So bad the weather was that we couldn’t go outside.
D. So bad was the weather that we couldn’t go outside.
9. If he had told me, I would have come.
A. Had he told me, I would have come.
B. If had he told me, I would have come.
C. Had told he me, I would have come.
D. If he had to tell me, I would have come.
10. The thief escaped before the police arrived.
A. No sooner had arrived the police than the thief escaped.
B. No sooner the police had arrived than the thief escaped.
C. No sooner had the thief escaped than the police arrived.
D. No sooner had the police arrived than the thief escaped.
Đáp án
| 1. B | 2. C | 3. A | 4. D | 5. A |
| 6. B | 7. A | 8. D | 9. A | 10. D |
3. Bài tập đảo ngữ nâng cao
Bài tập đảo ngữ 1: Viết lại câu sử dụng đảo ngữ
1. If he had listened to my advice, he wouldn’t have made that mistake.
2. If she should call, tell her I am not available.
3. If we had taken a different route, we would have arrived earlier.
4. She only realized the truth after reading the letter.
5. The moment the teacher entered the class, the students stopped talking.
6. If it hadn’t been for his help, I wouldn’t have finished the project.
7. You can only understand the problem when you experience it yourself.
8. He didn’t start working until his father told him to.
9. If they had informed us earlier, we could have prevented the accident.
10. The project was so complicated that even experts found it challenging.
Đáp án
1. Had he listened to my advice, he wouldn’t have made that mistake.
2. Should she call, tell her I am not available.
3. Had we taken a different route, we would have arrived earlier.
4. Only after reading the letter did she realize the truth.
5. No sooner had the teacher entered the class than the students stopped talking.
6. Had it not been for his help, I wouldn’t have finished the project.
7. Only when you experience it yourself can you understand the problem.
8. Not until his father told him did he start working.
9. Had they informed us earlier, we could have prevented the accident.
10. So complicated was the project that even experts found it challenging.
>>> Tìm hiểu thêm: Chuyển từ quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành dễ hiểu nhất
Bài tập đảo ngữ 2: Sắp xếp từ thành câu hoàn chỉnh
1. never / I / seen / such / sunset / a / have.
2. so / was / that / complicated / project / experts / the / struggled / even.
3. not / you / call / hesitate / should / me / need / if / any / help.
4. little / know / they / about / real / the / situation / did.
5. no / sooner / the / than / started / it / had / rain / we / arrived.
6. had / she / told / me / would / I / helped / have.
7. only / you / experience / it / yourself / can / problem / understand / the / when.
8. were / I / accept / to / rich, / that / job / would / I.
9. not / did / he / leave / until / was / everything / ready.
10. hardly / started / had / we / when / the / power / failed.
Đáp án
1. Never have I seen such a sunset.
2. So complicated was the project that even experts struggled.
3. Should you need any help, do not hesitate to call me.
4. Little did they know about the real situation.
5. No sooner had we arrived than it started to rain.
6. Had she told me, I would have helped.
7. Only when you experience it yourself can you understand the problem.
8. Were I rich, I would accept that job.
9. Not until everything was ready did he leave.
10. Hardly had we started when the power failed.
Kết luận
Đảo ngữ là nội dung kiến thức nâng cao trong ngôn ngữ tiếng Anh. Để vận dụng thành thạo, bạn nên thường xuyên luyện tập các bài tập đảo ngữ. ILA mong rằng các bài tập trên đây sẽ giúp bạn học tập hiệu quả hơn.
>>> Tìm hiểu thêm: Bảng động từ bất quy tắc chính xác và đầy đủ nhất
